Sport-Induced Substance Use-An Empirical Study to the Extent within a German Sports Association.

Sport-Induced Substance Use-An Empirical Study to the Extent within a German Sports Association.

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In cooperation with the Sports Association of the Palatinate (SBP), a survey was conducted on substance use by recreational and amateur athletes.Distribution of the online questionnaire took place by means of chain-referral sampling, and questions on substance use were presented using the randomized response technique (RRT) to protect the anonymity of hollow-strapon respondents and prevent socially desirable answers.The estimated lowest limit for the population share for use of prohibited substances during the last season (4%) and for lifetime use (3.

6%) did not differ significantly.Approximately 21% of respondents had used substances for training or competitions that were taken for a purpose other than performance enhancement (e.g.

, to improve their mood or to help with recuperation from a minor injury or illness) in the last console housing year.49% had done so at some point in their life.